The International Communication Association (ICA) is a professional organization representing thousands of media and communication scholars from around the world.
In 2016, the ICA transferred its historical administrative records to the Annenberg School for Communication Library Archives where it is currently accessible to researchers. The collection is composed of administrative records compiled by ICA executive officers throughout its history, including correspondence, board meeting minutes and reports, bylaws and constitutions, conference proceedings, and membership records. While the collection evinces the Association’s history and activities, it can also be used to trace the broader history of the modern field of Communication.
The Association was founded in 1950 as the National Society for the Study of Communication (NSSC), an offshoot of the Speech Association of America (SAA). The NSSC’s mission, as stated in a draft of its constitution, was to “study the nature of communication and its place in our society; to aid and encourage those individuals or groups attempting to improve the communicating process; to evaluate specific courses of training already existent; and to disseminate the results of our studies.”
In 1951, the NSSC introduced its publication program with the printing of the Journal of Communication, which continues to act as a forum for general communication scholarship. In addition to its publications, the NSSC also organized conferences and events, such as its annual summer conventions and interdisciplinary conferences. These gatherings were crucial for the nascent field of Communication, as they provided a venue where scholars from different subfields could share ideas and forge professional connections.
By the late 1960s, the NSSC’s membership increased exponentially. In 1967, it formally split from its parent organization, the SAA, and to reflect its new identity and its increasingly international membership, the NSSC renamed itself the International Communication Association. The ICA has since added several journals to its publication program, such as Human Communication Research, and Communication Theory. Through its conference and publications program, the ICA remains a network and platform for communication scholars worldwide.
In many respects, the history of the ICA is a reflection of the field it was organized to promote. This is perhaps most evident in the records pertaining to the development of ICA’s interest group and divisions. Soon after the founding of the NSSC, its officers implemented fifteen thematic ‘study and research’ committees, such as the ‘Committee on Listening Comprehension,’ ‘Committee on Propaganda,’ and the ‘Creative Thinking Committee,’ which were intended to produce original research and serve as forums for members with overlapping interests. However, in part due to waning membership interest in the established themes, many were inactive by the mid-1960s.
The research committees were replaced in 1967 by an interest group-division system, which is still in use today. Unlike the committees, interest groups could only be created and maintained with adequate member enrollment. Interest groups can be established with a petition representing at least 3% of ICA memberships. If an interest group expands to represent 5% of membership, it could acquire division status. Likewise, interest groups can be dissolved if membership levels fall under 2% of the total membership. Some of ICA’s current divisions include Environmental Communication, the Information Systems, and Mass Communication.
While the NSSC’s research committees did not necessarily and proportionally reflect the scope of its members’ interests, they nevertheless provide a snapshot of the early years of the field when communication scholars labored to formulate an identity for a discipline built on disparate curricula. For historians, the ICA records and the evolution of its variegated interest groups and divisions can serve as a vane for mapping trends and research interests in the field over time.
To see the collection inventory, and to read more about ICA’s history, access the collection finding aid through this link: https://findingaids.library.upenn.edu/records/UPENN_ANN_PU-AC.ICA.01.
For more information about the Annenberg School for Communication Library Archives, or to schedule an appointment, visit: https://www.asc.upenn.edu/research/centers/annenberg-school-for-communication-library-archives.
Works cited:
National Society for the Study of Communication, Constitution and Bylaws, article II, 1949, box 29, folder 5, International Communication Association records, University of Pennsylvania: Annenberg School for Communication Library Archives, Philadelphia, PA.
Unique at Penn 